PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATIONS AND ARRANGEMENT OF LOCAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN PRIVATE BUILDING TERRITORIES
Abstract
Abnormally heavy rains in the first two spring months of 2023 revealed the unpreparedness and lack of protection of many settlements in the Kyiv region from excessive moisture and inundation. Among them, is Novi Petrivtsi village, where the natural conditions for surface runoff and precipitation infiltration (lack of visible surface slopes and poorly permeable cover sediments) are unfavourable and significantly complicated by buildings, and a network of highways. The long-term retention of water on the surface, the rise of groundwater levels, and the layered structure of the upper part of the geological section provide grounds for the use of combined local drainage systems with compliance with drainage standards of at least 3,0 m. Since the high density of buildings often does not allow for contour drainage around residential buildings, it is necessary to lay single-line horizontal drainage to a greater depth than for a conventional contour drainage of 3,5 meters or more. However, the lack of roadside ditches and other water intakes and means of orderly drainage do not allow homestead drainage systems to work as efficiently as possible. This requires the creation of an orderly system of water intakes (trenches and closed collectors) on the scale of the village. Foreign experience convinces that the rational planning of such systems is possible under the conditions of establishing the character of rainfall distribution with a resolution of 1–5 minutes in time and a step of 500 m across the area. Meteorological radar is used to record radar images of rain and study its intensity. An effective solution to the water drainage problem is impossible without detailed engineering and geological investigations. Due to them, litho-facies inhomogeneities in the aeration zone and water-saturated stratum, which lead to the retention and support of groundwater, were discovered in the local area. Taking into account the spatial boundaries of these engineering and geological elements allow drainage more efficiently. Drainage capacity is substantiated by forecasts of changes in the maximum amount of precipitation per day and two days in a row. Due calculating the drainage capacity, it should be taken into account that the maximum amount of precipitation in the future period will have a guarantee of 0,5-2,0% less than the actual maximum values. In the calculation part, the main attention is paid to the selection of equations for determining the width of influence of a single horizontal drain. Five formulas have been selected that can be used to solve similar problems. The time of onset of the established mode of operation of a single drain was calculated. Future research should focus on the collection of high-resolution rainfall and local urban runoff data, as well as the implementation of urban drainage models.
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