ACCUMULATION OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN BY PERENNIAL LEGUMINOUS CROPS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Keywords:
biological nitrogen, symbiotic systems, perennial leguminous grasses, nitrogen regime, extreme weather conditions
Abstract
The use of perennial leguminous crops is an energetically and economically beneficial and ecologically safe measure for improving the nitrogen balance of soils, which implementation requires specification and additional research of certain soil and climatic conditions and farming systems. The work aimed at studying the accumulation of biologically bound nitrogen by alfalfa and Hungarian sainfoin in single-species crops, as well as in wheatgrass-alfalfa and wheatgrass-sainfoin grass mixtures on the dark-chestnut soil of southern Ukraine. Laboratory, field, and statistical research methods were applied. The obtained results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen in the biomass of leguminous perennial grasses in single-species crops of blue hybrid alfalfa, Hungarian sainfoin, and intermediate wheatgrass and their grass mixtures depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season, changes in species botanical composition by the years of grass stand used. During the first and second years of use, the nitrogen content in the biomass of alfalfa was 3,54-3,75%, sainfoin – 3,49-3,65%, and was significantly higher than in single-species crops of intermediate wheatgrass – 2,62-2,77% to dry matter. The removal of total nitrogen by intermediate wheatgrass during this period did not exceed 90 kg/ha; by alfalfa and sainfoin, it was 125-134 kg/ha, including symbiotic nitrogen removed by the alfalfa crop – 35-39 kg/ha and Hungarian sainfoin – 37-44 kg /ha. In the fractional composition of nitrogen in the soil of the experimental field after three years of using alfalfa when inoculating seeds with the complex microbial preparation Ecovital, the nitrogen content was the highest compared to other types of crop rotation, including total nitrogen – 1006,3-1428,8, mineral nitrogen – 24,9-46,3; alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen – 113,8-186,0 mg/kg of soil. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the creation of highly productive symbiotic systems when using the latest biological preparations will contribute to improving soil nitrogen balance, eliminate the catastrophic decrease in fertility and soil degradation, improve the fodder base for animal production, and reduce the ecological burden on agricultural lands.
References
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32. Petrychenko, V.F. (2007). Teoretychni osnovy intensyfikatsii kormovyrobnytstva v Ukraini [Theoretical foundations of intensification of fodder production in Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 10, 19-22. [in Ukrainian].
33. Zapruta, O., Antoniv, S., & Kolisnyk, S. (2023). Uspishne vedennia nasinnytstva bahatorichnykh bobovykh trav – zaporuka rozshyrennia ploshch posivu polovykh ta luchnykh ahrofitotsenoziv [Successful seed management of perennial legumes as the key to expanding the sowing areas of field and meadow agrophytocoenoses] Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 95, 40-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202395-03 [in Ukrainian].
2. Tarariko, O.G. (1999). Teoriia i praktyka udoskonalennia struktury zemlekorystuvannia v konteksti konservatsii erodovanykh ornykh zemel i zbilshennia ploshchi kormovykh uhid [Theory and practice of improving the land use structure in the context of conservation of eroded arable land and increasing the area of fodder lands]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 46, 72-78. [in Ukrainian].
3. Baliuk, S.A., Tymchenko, D.O., & Hychka, M.M. (2009). Kontseptsiia okhorony gruntiv vid erozii v Ukraini [The concept of soil erosion protection in Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 2, 5-10. [in Ukrainian].
4. Baliuk, S.A., Medvediev, V.V., & Tarariko, O.G. (2011). Posibnyk ukrainskoho khliboroba. Pro stan rodiuchosti gruntiv Ukrainy [On the state of soil fertility in Ukraine]. Kyiv, 41-69. [in Ukrainian].
5. Goloborodko, S.P. (1999). Chomu problemne nasinnytstvo liutserny v Ukraini [Why lucerne seed production is problematic in Ukraine]. Nasinnytstvo kormovykh kultur v suchasnykh umovakh hospodariuvannia. Materialy Vseukr. nauk.- prakt. seminaru. Kyiv: Nora Print, 23-24. [in Ukrainian].
6. Adamen, F.F. (1999). Azotfiksatsiia ta osnovni napriamky polipshennia azotnoho balansu gruntiv [Nitrogen fixation and key areas for improving soil nitrogen balance]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky. K.: Ahrarna nauka, 2, 9-16. [in Ukrainian].
7. Antypova, L.K. (1999). Efektyvnist mineralnykh dobryv ta mikrodobryv pry vyroshchuvanni nasinnievoi liutserny v umovakh pivdennoho Stepu Ukrainy [Efficiency of mineral fertilisers and micronutrient fertilisers in the cultivation of seed alfalfa in the southern steppe of Ukraine] Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Mykolaivskoi derzhavnoi silskohospodarskoi stantsii. Kyiv: BMT, 213-221. [in Ukrainian].
8. Antypova, L.K. (1999). Udoskonalennia systemy zhyvlennia nasinnievoi liutserny na chornozemakh pivdennykh [Improvement of the seed lucerne nutrition system on southern black soils]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 6, 33-35. [in Ukrainian].
9. Medvediev, V.V. (2001). Stan rodiuchosti gruntiv Ukrainy ta prohnoz yoho zmin za umov suchasnoho zemlerobstva [The state of soil fertility in Ukraine and forecast of its changes in the conditions of modern agriculture] Kharkiv: Shtrykh. [in Ukrainian] .
10. Petrychenko, V., Bohovin, A., & Kurhak, V. (2012). More efficient use of grassland under climate warming. Grassland – a European Resource? Proceed. XXIV General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Lublin, Poland. 3–7 June, 151–153. [in Ukrainian] .
11. Boocock, T. J., Mikhail, S., Boyce, A. J., Prytulak, J., Savage, P. S., & Stüeken, E. E. (2023). A primary magmatic source of nitrogen to Earth’s crust. Nature Geoscience, 16(6), 521–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01194-3
12. Mysen, B. (2019). Nitrogen in the Earth: abundance and transport. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 6(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0286-x
13. Goloborodko, S.P., & Goloborodko Y.І. (1995). Efektyvnist zastosuvannia kompleksnykh suspenziiovanykh dobryv (laktofolu) pry pozakorenevomu pidzhyvlenni nasinnievoi liutserny [Efficiency of application of complex suspended fertilizers (lactofol) in foliar feeding of lucerne seed] / Ukraina v svitovykh zemelnykh, prodovolchykh i kormovykh resursakh i ekonomichnykh vidnosynakh. Materialy mizhnar. konf. Vinnytsia: Ahrarna nauka, 76. [in Ukrainian].
14. Buhaiov, V.D., Shcherbyna, L.P., & Bortnovskyi, V.M. (2003). Osoblyvosti selektsiinoi roboty na pidvyshchennia rivnia zymostiikosti ta posukhostiikosti koniushyny luchnoi [Peculiarities of selection work to increase the level of winter hardiness and drought resistance of meadow clover]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 51, 7-9. [in Ukrainian] .
15. Olifirovych, V.O. (2003). Pidvyshchennia urozhainosti ta zboru proteinu zi starosiianykh travostoiv [Increasing productivity and protein yield from old-seeded grass stands]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 51, 201-205. [in Ukrainian].
16. Rudnytskyi, B.O. (2003). Udoskonalennia elementiv tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia bobovykh trav na korm ta nasinnia [Improvement of elements of technologies for growing legumes for feeds and seeds]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 51, 43-51. [in Ukrainian].
17. Tanchyk, S., Litvinov, D., Butenko, A., Litvinova, O., Pavlov, O., Babenko, A., Shpyrka, N., Onychko, V., Masyk, I., & Onychko, T. (2021). Fixed nitrogen in agriculture and its role in agrocenoses. Agronomy Research, 19(2), 601–611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.21.086 [in Ukrainian].
18. Andrusenko, I. I. (1987). Struktura posevnyih ploschadey i sevooborotyi. [Oroshaemoe zemledelie Structure of sown areas and crop rotations. Irrigated farming] Ostapov V. I. (Ed.). Kyiv: Urozhai, 45-54. [in Ukrainian].
19. Boincean, B. P., Rusnac, G. T., Boaghii, I. V., Pasat, D. I., & Gavrilas, S. (2013). Legumes as an Alternative Source of Nitrogen for Modern Agriculture. Soil as World Heritage, 343–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6187-2_33
20. Babich, A.O., Pidpalyi, І.F., & Shelest, V.K. (1994). Hospodarska ta bioenerhetychna otsinka tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia liutserny v umovakh zroshennia [Economic and bioenergy assessment of alfalfa cultivation technologies under irrigation conditions]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 5, 95-102. [in Ukrainian].
21. Iannetta, P. P. M., Young, M., Bachinger, J., Bergkvist, G., Doltra, J., Lopez-Bellido, R. J., Monti, M., Pappa, V. A., Reckling, M., Topp, C. F. E., Walker, R. L., Rees, R. M., Watson, C. A., James, E. K., Squire, G. R., & Begg, G. S. (2016). A Comparative Nitrogen Balance and Productivity Analysis of Legume and Non-legume Supported Cropping Systems: The Potential Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01700
22. Demyanchik, V.T. (2012). Dynamics of ecological and faunal potential of reclamation systems in the mode of flooding. Natural environment of Polesie: features and prospects of development. Coll. N. Polesie Agrarian and Ecological Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, 74-78. [in Ukrainian]
23. Kurhak, V., & Karbivska, U. (2020). Features of formation of bean-cereal agrophytocenoses on sod-podzolic soils of the Carpathian foothills of Ukraine. Feeds and Feed Production, 89, 121-133. https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-12
24. Kurhak, V. H., Panasyuk, S. M., & Asanishvili, N. M. (2020). Influence of perennial legumes on the productivity of meadow phytocenoses. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 310–315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_298
25. Bohovin, A.V., Kurhak, V.H., & Kletskyi, O.M. (1997). Rezerv zbilshennia vyrobnytstva travianykh kormiv [Reserve for increasing grass feed production]. Agroincom, 8-9, 22-24. [in Ukrainian].
26. Babych, A.O. (1996). Svitovi zemelni, prodovolchi i kormovi resursy [World land, food and feed resources] Kyiv: Ahrarna nauka. [in Ukrainian]
27. Goloborodko, S.P. (1996). Nevykorystani rezervy vyrobnytstva kormiv i kormovoho proteinu v Ukraini [Unused reserves of feed and feed protein production in Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 11, 15-19. [in Ukrainian].
28. Medvedovskyi, O.K., Ivanenko, P.І. (1988). Enerhetychnyi analiz intensyvnykh tekhnolohii v silskohospodarskomu vyrobnytstvi [Energy analysis of intensive technologies in agricultural production]. Kyiv: Urozhai. [in Ukrainian].
29. Vozzhehova, R.A., Goloborodko, S.P., & Dymov, O.M. (2021). Ahrobiolohichni osnovy vidtvorennia rodiuchosti dehradovanykh zemel u pivdennomu Stepu Ukrainy [Agrobiological bases of fertility reproduction of degraded lands in the southern Steppe of Ukraine]. Odessa: Oldi Plius. [in Ukrainian].
30. Ushkarenko, V.O. Vozhehova, R.A., Goloborodko, S.P., & Kokovikhin, S.V. (2013). Statystychnyi analiz rezultativ polovykh doslidiv u zemlerobstvi: Monohrafiia [Statistical analysis of the results of field experiments in agriculture: A monograph] Kherson: Ailant. [in Ukrainian].
31. Kvitko, H.P. (1999). Vplyv ahroekolohichnykh umov i tekhnolohichnykh pryiomiv na produktyvnist liutserny posivnoi v Lisostepu [The influence of agroecological conditions and technological methods on the productivity of alfalfa in the Forest Steppe]. Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 46, 55-65. [in Ukrainian].
32. Petrychenko, V.F. (2007). Teoretychni osnovy intensyfikatsii kormovyrobnytstva v Ukraini [Theoretical foundations of intensification of fodder production in Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, 10, 19-22. [in Ukrainian].
33. Zapruta, O., Antoniv, S., & Kolisnyk, S. (2023). Uspishne vedennia nasinnytstva bahatorichnykh bobovykh trav – zaporuka rozshyrennia ploshch posivu polovykh ta luchnykh ahrofitotsenoziv [Successful seed management of perennial legumes as the key to expanding the sowing areas of field and meadow agrophytocoenoses] Kormy i kormovyrobnytstvo, 95, 40-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202395-03 [in Ukrainian].
Published
2024-07-05
How to Cite
Iutynska, H., Holoborodko, S., Titova, L., Dubynska, O., & Shevchuk, N. (2024). ACCUMULATION OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN BY PERENNIAL LEGUMINOUS CROPS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (1), 76 - 84. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202401-383
Section
Articles
