INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANTIFILTRATION FACILITIES
Abstract
Relevance of research. In the course of the operation of irrigation systems, there is a need to protect the hydraulic structures and the adjacent territories from filtration, which should be considered as a separate type of harmful effects of water. Filtration of water from canals and ponds leads to secondary flooding, salinization and waterlogging. Filtration of water at earth dams under certain conditions leads to the destruction of dams and the creation of emergency zones in the surrounding territories. In today's conditions of reforming the Ukrainian economy, it is particularly important to use technically reliable, environmentally sound and economically feasible filtration protection facilities in hydrotechnical construction.
The purpose of the study is to identify priority areas for innovative development of technologies for the construction of anti-filtration facilities and to outline the main achievements of the Institute of WPLR NAAS in solving the problem of protection against filtration in hydraulic engineering in the past.
Research methodology. The study used the method of generalization and system analysis of structural and technological solutions of complex systems.
Research results. Priority areas of the solving one of the urgent problems of hydrotechnical construction - problems of protection against filtration are grounded in the article. It is noted that over the past 60 years, the technologies of construction of anti-filtration structures have developed significantly. The technological level of construction of anti-filtration structures was increased by qualitative improvement and quantitative increase of anti-filtration materials, constructive solutions for anti-filtration structures, technological solutions for construction of anti-filtration structures, structural solutions of the means of mechanical laying anti-filtration materials. Based on the results of the system analysis, the hierarchical subordination of structural and technological solutions for the construction of anti-filtration structures was determined. Based on the results of functional-cost analysis of structural and technological solutions, analytical dependencies were established to determine the priority areas of innovative development of technologies for construction of anti-filtration structures. The new most significant structural and technological solutions and scientific and technical developments in the construction of anti-filtration structures, which were created at the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the NAAS in the past, are presented.
Over the past 60 years the Institute has developed the following technical and technological solutions in the area of protection against harmful effects of filtration: trenchless method of laying vertical screens made of polymer film; construction of anti-filtration structures using trenchless method of laying vertical screens; construction of earth dams in a tiered way; construction of concrete film screens, soil film screens, anti-filtration hangers with the use of polymer film folded into the package; improved traditional technology of construction by the method of anti-filtration curtains made of polymer film by the wall-to-soil method. The Institute has also developed the recommendations for determining the technological standards of water losses in irrigation canals in terms of reducing the useful flow of water in them. It is established that the efficiency of the canals is not technical, but technical and operational characteristics of irrigation canals. A formula for adjusting the design efficiency of irrigation canals has been developed depending on the actual water flow in the irrigation network.
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