RESULTS OF FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF ENGINEERING DRAINAGE EFFICIENCY
Abstract
Relevance of research. Engineering drainage is an important element of the system of territory protection against the harmful water effects, which enables to carry out agro-industrial production, ensure safety for population, prevents floods and salinization development etc. Considerable restoration of irrigation and drainage, which is planned to be carried out in the southern regions, requires more research in the experimental and production areas. The results of field studies will be widely used in the design of drainage, justification of its schemes, types and parameters.
Purpose of research is to study the results of field observations of engineering drainage on the irrigated agriculture area for their further use in design.
Research methodology and objects. On-site drainage studies were conducted in the pilot production areas (PPAs), which are located on agricultural lands both on major irrigation systems and in settlements. The studies cover the period from 1990 to 2019. The areas with horizontal and vertical drainage were selected for the study.
Results of the study and main conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it was determined the conditions of the drainage systems functioning, the genesis and the causes of flood development, the mechanism of groundwater depth and the dynamics of ground water table fluctuations in the drainage areas and adjacent territories. It was established the efficiency of drainage in difficult natural and water management conditions on the main irrigation systems and in a number of settlements. It was found that in the conditions of low drained and drainless relief, closed horizontal drainage systems with the laying of the collector drains to a depth of 7.5 m and gravity drainage operated with the highest efficiency. Such drainage systems provided groundwater stabilization at depths of 3-4 m or more due to the operation of deep-laying collectors without the involvement of less deep field drains. The excavation revealed that high efficiency of horizontal drainage was facilitated by the use of geotextile drainage filters, which avoided critical siltation and penetration of root systems into the pipe cavity. The efficiency of vertical drainage was dependent on the mode of its operation and the technical condition of water wells and pumping power equipment. Vertical drainage requires the implementation of additional measures to protect the areas against flooding – laying of horizontal drainage, development of the collector network, use of water wells for collecting surface and drainage water.
References
2. Meliorativnyye sistemy i sooruzheniya. Drenazh na oroshayemykh zemlyakh. Normy proyektirovaniya. (1987). [Reclamation systems and facilities. Drainage on irrigated lands. Design Standards]. VSN 33-2.2.03-86. Moskva. [in Russian]
3. Demchenko, O. [Babitska, O.]. (2007). Efektyvnistʹ vertykalʹnoho drenazhu shchodo zakhystu vid pidtoplennya naselenykh punktiv ta silʹsʹkohospodarsʹkykh uhidʹ v Khersonsʹkiy oblasti [Efficiency of vertical drainage on protection against flooding of settlements and agricultural lands in Kherson region]. Kiyv. Vodne gospodarstvo Ukrainu, 6, 32-37. [in Ukrainian].
4. Demchenko, O. [Babitska, O.]. (2007). Efektyvnistʹ system samoplyvnoho zakrytoho horyzontalʹnoho drenazhu v zoni zroshuvanoho zemlerobstva. [Efficiency of self-flowing closed horizontal drainage systems in irrigated agriculture]. Kiyv. Vodne gospodarstvo Ukrainu, 3, 43-49. [in Ukrainian].
5. Pyvovar, N. H., Bugai, N. H., & Frydrykhson, V. L. (2000). Drenazh s voloknystumy fyl’tramy dlia zashchytu terrytoryi ot podtoplenyia [Drainage with fibrous filters to protect the territories from flooding]. Kiev: Instytut hydromekhanyky NANU. [in Russian].
6. Bygai, N.G., Vinogradov, S.G., & Vnychkov, V.V. et al. (1987). Drenazhnue sistemu v zone orosheniia. [Drainage systems in the irrigation zone]. Kyiv: Urozhay. [in Russian].
7. Nastanova shchodo inzhenernogo zakhystu terytorii, budivel’ i sporud vid pidtoplennia ta zatoplennia. (2017). [Guidelines engineering protection of the territory, building and structure from water logging and flooding]. DSTU-N B V.1.1-38:2016. Natsionalnyi standart Ukrainy. Kyiv: DP UkrNDNTS.
8. Lyskonov, A.T., Bredykhyn, N.N., & Savchuk, D.P. (1992). Zakrytyy drenazh pri oroshenii. [Cloosed drainage during irrigation]. Krasnodar. [in Russia].
9. Malyuga, V.V. (2013). Podtopleniye i drenazh v lesostepnoy zone Ukrainy. [Flooding and drainage in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine]. Minsk. Melioracia, 29-39.[in Russian]
10. Oleunik, A.Ia. et al. (1986). Metodicheskie rekomendacii po raschetam zashchitu territorii ot podtopleniia v zone orosheniia. [Methodical recommendations on calculations of protection of territories from flooding in the irrigation zone]. Kyiv: Minvodhoz USSR, Instityt Gidromehaniki AN USSR. Ukrgiprovodkhoz. [in Russian].
11. Balaev, L.G. et al. (1978). Naturnyye issledovaniya – osnova tekhnicheskikh resheniy i prognozov v melioratsii. [Field studies - the basis of technical solutions and forecasts in land reclamation]. Gidrotehnika i melioraciya, 1. [in Russian].
12. Zubetsʹ, M.V. et al. (2004). Naukovi osnovy ahropromyslovoho vyrobnytstva v zoni Stepu Ukrayiny [Scientific bases of agro-industrial production in the steppe zone of Ukraine]. Kiyv: Agrarna nauka. [in Ukrainian].
13. Morozov O.V., Bidnuna I.O., Morozov V.V., Naydenov V.G. (2014). Otsinka sychasnogo gidrogeologo-meliorativnogo stany zemel’ Kakhovs’kogo zroshyvanogo masivy. [Estimation of modern hydrogeological and reclamation state of the Kakhovskaya irrigated land]. Visnuk agrarnoii nayku Pruchornomoria, 2, 103-111. [in Ukrainian].
14. Romashchenko, M.I., Savchuk, D.P. Shevchenko, A.M., Babitska, O.A., Danilenko, Yu.Yu., Bozhenko, R.P., Riabtsev, M.P., & Shevchuk, V.V. Richka Kalanchak i shlyahy yii ekologichnogo ozdorovlenya [River Kalanchak and its ecological recovery ways]. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
15. Romashchenko, M.I., & Savchuk, D.P. (1998). Pidtoplennia Pivdnia Ukrainy: prychyny ta zapobizhni zakhody [Flooding of the South of Ukraine: Causes and Precautions]. Kiyv. Vodne gospodarstvo Ukrainu, 5-6. [in Ukrainian].
16. Savchuk, D.P., Kharlamov, O.I., & Kotykovych, I.V. (2018). Efektyvnistʹ zakrytoho horyzontalʹnoho drenazhu na foni zroshennya DM «Frehat». [Effectiveness of closed horizontal drainage on the background of irrigation by the SM «Fregat». Melioraciya i vodne gospodarstvo, 107. [in Ukrainian].
17. Stratehiia zroshennia ta drenazhu v Ukraini na period do 2030 roku [Irrigation and drainage strategy in Ukraine until 2030.]. Skhvaleno rozporiadzhenniam Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy № 688-r. (2019, August 14). Uriadovyi kurier, 170. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/688-2019-%D1%80 [In Ukrainian].
18. Kharlamov, O.I. (2018). Ryzyky pidtoplennya ta shlyakhy yikh zmenshennya v zoni zroshennya Pivnichno-Krymsʹkoho kanalu [Chance of flooding and way of their decrease in a zone of an irrigation of the North Crimean canal]. Melioraciia i vodne gospodarstvo, 108. [in Ukrainian].