CURRENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF THE USAGE OF REMOTE TOOLS FOR INVENTORY AUDITING OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Abstract
The paper examines modern approaches to conducting an inventory audit of irrigation systems using remote tools. The traditional methods of irrigation systems inventory audit require significant financial and labor costs, which complicates large-scale audit and planning of measures for the reconstruction and modernization of irrigation systems. According to the results of the research, it was found that remote technologies are the most appropriate for inventorying such basic elements of irrigation systems as pumping stations, antechambers, open earth and concrete canals, pipelines, hydrants, water distribution facilities, and other components of engineering infrastructure. Based on the analysis, a list of remote tools that can be used to assess the technical condition of irrigation facilities was determined. It includes satellite remote sensing of the Earth, namely the use of optical, multispectral, and hyperspectral images, aerial photography using unmanned aerial vehicles, geophysical research methods, in particular ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic methods for tracing underground communications, as well as geographic information systems for integrating, analyzing, modeling, and visualizing the obtained results.
Our research has shown that a comprehensive approach that combines modern remote sensing, geophysical, and geoinformation methods creates additional opportunities for conducting an effective inventory audit of irrigation systems in Ukraine, increases the efficiency of surveys, the accuracy of determining the technical condition of facilities, and the objectivity of the obtained results. The results of the performed analytical studies can be used to justify the choice of tools and develop recommendations for conducting an inventory audit of irrigation systems by remote means.
References
2. Kabinet Ministriv Ukrayiny. (2025). Dovhostrokovyy plan rozvytku iryhatsiynoho kompleksu Ukrayiny do 2050 roku: Rozporyadzhennya Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrayiny № 280-r [Long-term plan for the development of the irrigation complex of Ukraine until 2050: Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 280-r]. Uriadovyi Portal. https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-zatverdzhennia-dovhostrokovoho-planu-rozvytku-iryhatsiinoho-kompleksu-ukrainy-do-2050-roku-280r-250325 [in Ukrainian].
3. Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy. (2020). Pro zatverdzhennia planu zakhodiv z realizatsii Stratehii zroshennia ta drenazhu v Ukraini na period do 2030 roku: Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy № 1567-r [On approval of the action plan for the implementation of the Irrigation and drainage strategy in Ukraine for the period until 2030: Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1567-r]. Baza danykh «Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy». Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1567-2020-r#Text [in Ukrainian].
4. Instytut vodnykh problem i melioratsii NAAN. (2022). Rozrobyty naukovo-metodychni zasady provedennia inventaryzatsii melioratyvnykh system ta audytu meliorovanykh zemel v umovakh zmin klimatu [Develop scientific and methodological principles for conducting an inventory of reclamation systems and auditing reclaimed lands in the context of climate change] (Zvit pro naukovo-doslidnu robotu promizhnyi, No. DR 0121U109313). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
5. Derzhbud Ukrainy. (2000). Melioratyvni systemy ta sporudy [Reclamation systems and structures] (DBN.V.2.4-1-99). [in Ukrainian].
6. UAAN, & IHALR. (2009). Metodyka otsinky tekhnichnoho stanu kanaliv melioratyvnykh system: posib [Methodology for assessing the technical condition of canals of meliorative systems]: Do DBN V.2-4-1-99 «Melioratyvni systemy ta sporudy». DP Inform.-analit. ahentstvo.. [in Ukrainian].
7. Derzhbud Ukrainy. (1997). Polozhennia pro bezpechnu ta nadiinu ekspluatatsiiu vyrobnychykh budivel i sporud [Regulations on the safe and reliable operation of industrial buildings and structures] (Order No. 32/288). [in Ukrainian].
8. Derzhbud Ukrainy. (1999). Zminy i dopovnennia do pravyl obstezhen, otsinky tekhnichnoho stanu ta pasportyzatsii vyrobnychykh budivel i sporud [Amendments and additions to the rules for inspections, assessment of technical condition and certification of industrial buildings and structures] (Order No. 184/140). [in Ukrainian].
9. Metodyka provedennia naturnykh obstezhen zemlianykh hrebel i zakhysnykh damb vodohospodarskoho pryznachennia [Methodology for conducting field surveys of earthen dams and protective dams for water management purposes]: Posibnyk do VBN V.2-4-33-2.3-03-200 «Rehuliuvannia rusel richok. Normy proektuvannia». (2003). [in Ukrainian].
10. Modernizatsiia ta rekonstruktsiia osushuvalnykh system v umovakh reformuvannia vlasnosti u silskomu hospodarstvi [Modernization and reconstruction of drainage systems in the context of property reform in agriculture] Posibnyk do DBN V.2.4.1-99 Melioratyvni systemy ta sporudy. (2003). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
11. Derzhavnyi komitet Ukrainy po vodnomu hospodarstvu. (2002). Instruktsiia z obliku ta otsinky stanu meliorovanykh zemel i melioratyvnykh system [Instructions for recording and assessing the condition of reclaimed lands and reclamation systems]: VND 33-5.5-13-2002. Vvedenyi na zaminu VND 33-5.5-05-98 Oblik ta otsinka melioratyvnoho stanu zroshuvanykh i osushuvanykh uhid ta tekhnichnoho stanu hidromelioratyvnykh system.Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
12. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2004). Zakon Ukrainy vid 24.06.2004 №1862-IV Pro ekolohichnyi audyt [About environmental audit]. [in Ukrainian].
13. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2003). Zakon Ukrainy vid 22.05.2003 № 858-IV. St. 35 Pro zemleustrii [About land management]. [in Ukrainian].
14. Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy (2019). Poriadok provedennia inventaryzatsii zemel [Procedure for conducting a land inventory] Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 5 chervnia 2019 r. № 476. [in Ukrainian].
15. Vlasova, O., Savchuk, D., Shevchenko, I., Shevchenko, A., & Kozytskyi, O. (2025). Spatial and temporal changes in the ecological and reclamation state of drainless areas. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (1), 17 - 27. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202501-417
16. Voytovych, I., Shevchuk, Y., KozytskyiO., Ignatova, O., Boyko, G., & Limachov, Y. (2025). Assessment of the technical condition of the krasnopavlivsk reservoir earth dam. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (1), 98 - 108. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202501-412
17. Vlasova, O., Shevchenko, I., Kozytskyi, O., Shevchenko, A., & Voitovych, O. (2024). Assessment of the current ecological state of the fastiv reservoir using ground and satellite data. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (2), 11 - 18. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202402-399
18. Vlasova, O., Shevchenko, A., Shevchenko, I., & Kozytsky, O. (2023). Monitoring of water bodies and reclaimed lands affected by warfare using satellite data. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (2), 59 - 68. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202302-371
19. Matiash, T., Romashchenko, M., Bogaenko, V., Shevchuk, S., Kruchenyuk, A., & Butenko, Y. (2022). Monitoring and irrigation regime formation when growing crops using the "Irrigation Online" system. Land Reclamation and Water Management, (1), 29 - 39. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202201-321
20. Lykhovyd, P. (2025). Geospatial Intelligence and Remote Sensing for Climate-Smart and Sustainable Agriculture. Deep Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-854-0
21. Lykhovyd, P. (2025, October 22–24). An evaluation of machine learning algorithm performance in crop recognition using remote sensing: A case study in Southern Ukraine [Paper presentation]. 3rd International Online Conference on Agriculture: Smart Farming: From Sensor to Artificial Intelligence. https://sciforum.net/paper/view/24734
22. Lykhovyd, P., Vozhehova, R., Hranovska, L., Yuziuk, S., & Bidnyna, I. (2024). Fenolohichnyi monitorynh silskohospodarskykh kultur iz vykorystanniam danykh dystantsiinoho zonduvannia zemli [Phenological monitoring of agricultural crops using remote sensing data]. Tekhniko-Tekhnolohichni Aspekty Rozvytku ta Vyprobuvannia Novoi Tekhniky i Tekhnolohii dlia Silskoho Hospodarstva Ukrainy, 35(49), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2024-2-35(49)-9
23. Kuzmych, L.V., Voropai, H.V., Kuzmych, A.A, Polishchuk, V.V., & Kuzmych, S.A. (2021). Kontseptsiia pobudovy avtomatyzovanoi systemy dystantsiinoho monitorynhu ta kontroliu tekhnichnoho stanu ob’iektiv inzhenernoi infrastruktury vodohospodarsko-melioratyvnoho kompleksu [Concept of building an automated system for remote monitoring and control of the technical condition of engineering infrastructure facilities of the water management and land reclamation complex]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu vodnoho hospodarstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia:zbirnyk naukovykh prats, 1, 215-222. [in Ukrainian].
24. Shevchuk, S., Vyshnevskyi, V., & Bilous, O. (2022). The use of remote sensing data for investigation of environmental consequences of russia-ukraine war. Journal of Landscape Ecology, Vol. 15 (3). DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0017
25. Shevchuk, S., Matiash, T., & Krucheniuk, A. (2025). Assessment of Water Resources Needs for Irrigation Development under Climate Change in Ukraine. 18th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment, Apr 2025, Vol. 2025, 1 – 5 https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2025510141
26. Polishchuk, V., Zhovtonog, O., Saliuk, A., Butenko, Y., & Chorna, K. (2021). Model Complex of Information System “GIS Poliv” and Remote Sensing Data use to Adjust Model Parameters. In 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information Theory (ATIT) (pp. 211-214). IEEE. ISBN 978-166543845-2 DOI: 10.1109/ Atit54053.2021.9678578
27. U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). EarthExplorer. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
28. U.S. National Archives. (n.d.). Satellite photography (CORONA collection). https://www.archives.gov/research/cartographic/aerial-photography/satellite-photography
29. U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). EROS: Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros
30. Google. (n.d.). Google Earth Engine. https://earthengine.google.com/
31. European Space Agency. (n.d.). Copernicus Open Access Hub: Sentinel-2 missions. https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/copernicus
32. Paolini G., Escorihuela, M. J., Merlin O., Sans M. P., & Bellvert. J. (2022). Classification of Different Irrigation Systems at Field Scale Using Time-Series of Remote Sensing Data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 15, 10055-10072. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3222884 .
33. Oishee, B. H., Adiga, A., Adiga, A., Chaudhary, S., Marathe, M. V., Ravi, S. S., & Rajagopalan, K. (2025, September). IGraSS: Learning to identify infrastructure networks from satellite imagery by iterative graph-constrained semantic segmentation. Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-25). DOI:10.24963/ijcai.2025/1076
34. Ningke, H., Xin, L., Lei, L., & Liwei, Z. (2017). Ancient irrigation canals mapped from Corona imageries and their implications in Juyan Oasis along the Silk Road. Sustainability, 9(7), Article 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071283
35. Hammer, E., FitzPatrick, M., & Ur, J. (2022). Succeeding CORONA: Declassified HEXAGON intelligence imagery for archaeological and historical research. Antiquity, 96(387), 679–695. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.22
36. Xie, Y., Gibbs, H. K., & Lark, T. J. (2021). Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30 m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the US, 1997–2017. Earth System Science Data, 13(12), 5689–5710. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5689-2021.
37. Sharma, A. K., Hubert-Moy, L., Buvaneshwari, S., Sekhar, M., Ruiz, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Corgne, S. (2018). Irrigation history estimation using multitemporal Landsat satellite images: Application to an intensive groundwater irrigated agricultural watershed in India. Remote Sensing, 10(6), Article 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060893
38. Carlsen, A. H., Fensholt, R., Looms, M. C., Gominski, D., Stisen, S., & Jepsen, M. R. (2024). Systematic review of the detection of subsurface drainage systems in agricultural fields using remote sensing systems. Agricultural Water Management, 299, Article 108892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108892
39. Guebsi, R., Mami, S., & Chokmani, K. (2024). Drones in precision agriculture: A comprehensive review of applications, technologies, and challenges. Drones, 8(11), Article 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110686
40. Pádua, L., Marques, P., Dinis, L.-T., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Sousa, J. J., Morais, R., & Peres, E. (2024). Detection of leak areas in vineyard irrigation systems using UAV-based data. Drones, 8(5), Article 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8050187
41. Mabhaudhi, T., Bangira, T., Sibanda, M., & Cofie, O. (2022). Use of drones to monitor water availability and quality in irrigation canals and reservoirs for improving water productivity and enhancing precision agriculture in smallholder farms. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/128235
42. Mahor, M. A. P., Cruz, R. M. De La, Olfindo, Jr. N. T., & Perez, A. M. C. (2016). Irrigation network extraction methodology from LiDAR DTM using Whitebox and ArcGIS. Proceedings, Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XVIII, Vol. 9998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241969
43. Yadav, M., Vashisht, B. B., Niharika, V., Kumar, P., Jalota, S. K., Kumar, A., & Kaushik, P. (2024). UAV-enabled approaches for irrigation scheduling and water body characterization. Agricultural Water Management, 304, Article 108892. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agiwat/v304y2024ics037837742400427x.html
44. Huo, X., Li, L., Yu, X., Qian, L., Yin, Q., Fan, K., Pi, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, W. & Hu, X. (2024). Extraction of Canal Distribution Information Based on UAV Remote Sensing System and Object-Oriented Method. Agriculture, 14(11), 1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111863
45. Lioumbas, J., Spahos, T., Christodoulou, A., Mitzias, I., Stournara, P., Kavouras, I., Mentes, A., Theodoridou, N., & Papadopoulos, A. (2025). Multi-component remote sensing for mapping buried water pipelines. Remote Sensing, 17(12), Article 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122109
46. Bretschneider, L., Bollmann, S., Houssin-Agbomson, D., Shaw, J., Howes, N., Nguyen, L., Robinson, R., Helmore, J., Lichtenstern, M., Nwaboh, J., Pogany, A., Ebert, V., & Lampert, A. (2024). Concepts for drone based pipeline leak detection. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 11, Article 1358941. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1426206
47. Liu, C., Li, J., Liu, Z., Tao, S., & Li, M. (2025). A comprehensive review of data processing and target recognition methods for GPR underground pipeline B-scan data. SN Applied Sciences, 7(3), Article 310. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-025-06791-y
48. Dzhala, R.M., Verbenets, B.Ya., Horon, B.I. & Senyuk, O.I. (2018). Antiinterference determination of underground pipeline placement. Information Extraction and Processing, 46(122), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2018.46.011
49. Dzhala, R.M. & Verbenets, B.Ya.. (2011). Electromagnetic method and ways of non-contact examination of anticorrosion protection of underground pipelines. Materials Science, 47(2), 245–254. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11003-011-9387-4/metrics
